The population is more than 10.069 million. The Uyghur people are mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and most of them live in the oases in the south of Tian Shan. Among them, the oases around the Tarim Basin are the habitation areas of the Uyghur ethnic group, especially in the Kashgar Oasis, the Hetian Oasis and the Aksu and Tarim River Basins. The Turpan Depression on the eastern side of Tian Shan is also a concentrated area of the Uyghur people. The Uyghur language is used by the people, which is a Turkic language of the Altaic language family. There are three dialects: Central, Hotan and Lopnur. The people use phonograms based on Arabic alphabets. The Uyghur people are mainly engaged in agricultural production, and they are good at growing cotton, grapes and horticultural production. The economic development is fast. Most Uyghur people believe in Islam. Their main festivals are the "Eid al-Fitr", the "Kurban Bairam" and the "Nowruz". Uyghur culture and art have a long history and are diversified and fascinating. Both oral literature and written literature are well developed. Music, dance, arts, crafts and art are well known both at home and abroad for their unique style and charm. The Story of Afanti is well known, and Muqam Art has been included in the UNESCO’s list of “Representative Work of Human Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage”. They are all Uyghurs' great contributions to the culture of the motherland.