The population is about 5.982 million. The majority of the Mongolian people live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as well as in Mongolian autonomous prefectures and counties within other provinces and autonomous regions such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, while others reside in Ningxia, Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Beijing and other places. They have their own spoken and written language. The Mongolian language belongs to the Mongolian languages of the Altaic language family, which includes three dialects, namely Inner Mongolia, Barga-Buryat and Uirad. The Mongolian script is a kind of phonogram initially created during the reign of Genghis Khan. The Mongolian script used today has 29 alphabets. Texts are written vertically from top to bottom with one word as a unit, and should be read from the left to the right. The Mongolian ethnic group is a traditional ethnic of animal husbandry. As the saying goes, “songs are wings and horses are companions”. In the past, horses were of extreme significance in their life and production. Therefore, the Mongolians have the epithet as the “ethnic group on the horseback” for long. The Mongolian ethnic group possesses a long history with rich and colourful culture and arts. The traditional diet is based on dairy products and meat, supplemented by grains. Basically dressed in Mongolian robes, they live in traditional Mongolian yurts. Their traditional transport is a vehicle called “le le”. The horsehead fiddle is their most distinctive traditional musical instrument. Loud, sonorous, and far-reaching, the Mongolian folk songs, Long Songs, have few lyrics but an extended duration, producing a soothing and liberating effect. Long Songs have already been recognised as one of “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity”. The Mongolians believe that wrestling, horse-racing and archery are the three most essential skills of young men. The most eminent traditional festival is “Naadam” which originated from the ovoo ceremony. In the early days, Mongolians believed in Shamanism. Since the late Ming dynasty and the beginning of Qing dynasty, Tibetan Buddhism has gradually become the prevailing religion.